Federalist Papers No. 23. The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union

From the New York Packet. Tuesday, December 18, 1787.

HAMILTON

To the People of the State of New York:

THE necessity of a Constitution, at least equally energetic with the one proposed, to the preservation of the Union, is the point at the examination of which we are now arrived.

This inquiry will naturally divide itself into three branches—the objects to be provided for by the federal government, the quantity of power necessary to the accomplishment of those objects, the persons upon whom that power ought to operate. Its distribution and organization will more properly claim our attention under the succeeding head.

The principal purposes to be answered by union are these—the common defense of the members; the preservation of the public peace as well against internal convulsions as external attacks; the regulation of commerce with other nations and between the States; the superintendence of our intercourse, political and commercial, with foreign countries.

The authorities essential to the common defense are these: to raise armies; to build and equip fleets; to prescribe rules for the government of both; to direct their operations; to provide for their support. These powers ought to exist without limitation, BECAUSE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO FORESEE OR DEFINE THE EXTENT AND VARIETY OF NATIONAL EXIGENCIES, OR THE CORRESPONDENT EXTENT AND VARIETY OF THE MEANS WHICH MAY BE NECESSARY TO SATISFY THEM. The circumstances that endanger the safety of nations are infinite, and for this reason no constitutional shackles can wisely be imposed on the power to which the care of it is committed. This power ought to be coextensive with all the possible combinations of such circumstances; and ought to be under the direction of the same councils which are appointed to preside over the common defense.

This is one of those truths which, to a correct and unprejudiced mind, carries its own evidence along with it; and may be obscured, but cannot be made plainer by argument or reasoning. It rests upon axioms as simple as they are universal; the MEANS ought to be proportioned to the END; the persons, from whose agency the attainment of any END is expected, ought to possess the MEANS by which it is to be attained.

Read the rest below:

Federalist Papers No 23, Necessity of Strong Governemt to Preserve Union from Chuck Thompson

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8PKB4B3Z5-kYjhhbUtfNkdUSU0/edit?usp=sharing 
Read the rest in the Slideshare container of choose the link just above.  You can download a copy from either location or even embed the document into another site.

http://www.putlocker.com/file/472B185954C36B55
Free download link for a PDF copy of the above file.  Plenty of choices.

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Gloucester, VA Page Middle School Dis Service Announcement 4 With Video

Further Information sent to us to show what is really going on in the county that is being hidden from everyone:

RRMM Architects, the firm the Gloucester School Board hired for consulting and design of Page Middle School is a financial sponsor of the Virginia Association of School Superintendents. www.vassonline.org/  Gloucester Schools Superintendent, Ben Kiser, became president of that association in early 2012.

 That association supposedly paid for Kiser's 2012 trip to Finland.  Gloucester Schools Construction Manager Scott Shorland is a Director on the Virginia Educational Facilities Planners Board.  www.vefp.org/boardBios.html  RRMM CEO Duane Harver is the president of that board. Shorland’s professional description shown with his picture on the VEFP board website describes him as being a licensed Professional Land Surveyor in 3 states, Virginia, Arizona, North Carolina and has over 30 years experience planning communities including infrastructure, which does not seem to compliment the professional description of the other directors on that board.

 In the last School Board meeting Shorland was quick to get up to speak for and defend Harver when board members started questioning aspects of the building design and saying they wanted to allow the committee that supposedly developed the criteria for the building, time to review, and help to determine a balance between glass and regular style walls. Harver, Kiser and Shorland spoke and looked very nervous at any possible actions that would delay or change what they are doing.

Below is the last school board and Board of Supervisor's joint meeting held in September, 2013.

And now to see the real answers from the video above.......

There is without question, some very shady stuff going on here right in front of everyone's eye's, in our view.  Carter Borden thought that the hardening of a section of the school was voted on and planned in as part of the school budget.  It was as evidenced not only by the video above, but also the county's own documents from what we see.  Now the school board and contractors are saying no it was not added in as part of the original agreement in this second video above.  Look it over yourself.  Nothing that we dig into is up and up as we continue to go through all of the nonsense of the upcoming Page Middle School.  Was $388,000.00 confiscated by the contractors against the county, hence the taxpayers?  Did Louise Theberge assist in this confiscation?

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Gloucester, VA Page Middles School Dis Service Announcement 3

Below is information direct from county records.  It shows what county citizens recommended to county officials in regards as to what to do about the Page Middle School.  As we all know, county officials have shown everyone in the county that they could care less what the input from the citizens are.  They are going to do what ever they want and were only going through the check marks of what they are required to do.

  No one wanted to see the new Page Middle School being built in the new swamp location.

Gloucester, VA Page Middel School Information from Chuck Thompson

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8PKB4B3Z5-kNndYSGN2UnRYOEE/edit?usp=sharing  

The above link is another way to view the page above as well as download a copy if you so desire.  Downloads are available from both locations and embedding is also an option from both.  We made the PDF available online as well.  We have more to come.

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American Civil War, The Monitor vs Merrimac Sea Battle

English: Monitor, Union warship, as drawn by Samuel Ward Stanton. Shown in combat with Confederate armored steam ram Merrimac, also known as Virginia. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

History has been a big part of this site for some time now.  Especially Virginia history and we continue this tradition by bringing you history in a way that others simply do not.  We do not try to rewrite history.  It's already been written a long time ago by others and so we present older history books that themselves are now a part of history.  The book we are presenting today is a book written over 100 years ago.  Much closer to the time period of the actual event.  This book below was published in 1907.  It has not been subjected to revisionists for changes to make anyone feel good or bad.

Virginia Merrimac Monitor Engagement from Chuck Thompson

We allow free downloads of this book from our Slideshare site.  You will either have to sign in with a Facebook account or LinkedIn account or you can create a free account on Slideshare to get the download.  If you deal with PDF's or create presentations, you will find the service they provide invaluable.  We also use Scribed but prefer Slideshare as our main hosting provider.

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An Historical View of Hollywood Stars and Movies 1925

Hollywood Studios 1922 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Let's take a trip back in time.  The year is 1925.  What was Hollywood like during that time?  What were the big movie hits and who were the big Hollywood names?  What was the gossip going on about the stars?  Let's take a look shall we?  Motion Picture magazine for the month of May, 1925.  You have gotten all this information for a mere quarter.

Motion Picture - Magazine, May 1925 from Chuck Thompson

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Stress - Trigger of Alzheimer’s Identified

English: PET scan of a human brain with Alzheimer's disease (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

By Dr. Mercola

The connections between stress and physical and mental health are undeniable. Studies have found links between acute and/or chronic stress and a wide variety of health issues.

This includes reduced immune function, increased inflammation, high blood pressure, and alterations in your brain chemistry, blood sugar levels and hormonal balance, just to name a few.

According to recent research, stress also appears to be related to onset of Alzheimer’s disease, which currently afflicts about 5.4 million Americans, including one in eight people aged 65 and over.1

It is projected that Alzheimer's will affect one in four Americans in the next 20 years, rivaling the current prevalence of obesity and diabetes. There is still no known cure for this devastating disease, and very few treatments. Alzheimer's drugs are often of little to no benefit, which underscores the importance of prevention throughout your lifetime.

Fortunately, there’s compelling research showing that your brain has great plasticity and capacity for regeneration, which you control through your diet and lifestyle choices.

Avoiding gluten and casein, or wheat and dairy primarily, appears to be of critical importance, as is making sure you’re getting plenty of healthful fats (including demonized saturated fats).

Fasting also has a remarkably beneficial influence on your brain health. At the end of this article, I share my best tips for maintaining healthy brain function well into old age.

Stress May Be Related to Clinical Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease

Researchers in Argentina recently presented evidence suggesting that stress may be a trigger for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. The research was presented at the annual World Congress of Neurology in Vienna. According to lead author, Dr. Edgardo Reich:2

"Stress, according to our findings, is probably a trigger for initial symptoms of dementia.

Though I rule out stress as monocausal in dementia, research is solidifying the evidence that stress can trigger a degenerative process in the brain and precipitate dysfunction in the neuroendocrine and immune system. It is an observational finding and does not imply direct causality. Further studies are needed to examine these mechanisms in detail."

The study found that 72 percent—nearly three out of four—Alzheimer's patients had experienced severe emotional stress during the two years preceding their diagnosis. In the control group, only 26 percent, or one in four, had undergone major stress or grief. Most of the stresses encountered by the Alzheimer’s group involved:

• Bereavement; death of a spouse, partner, or child
• Violent experiences, such as assault or robbery
• Car accidents
• Financial problems, including “pension shock”
• Diagnosis of a family member’s severe illness

When you consider all the adverse biological effects that stress and anxiety causes, it might not be such a stretch that severe stress could trigger Alzheimer’s. For example, researchers have found links between emotional distress and physical pain,3 chronic inflammation4 and even stillbirths.5

It can also wreak havoc on your gut health, which is critical to maintaining mental and physical health. Most recently, Forbes6 reported the findings of a study7exploring the role of stress in rewiring your brain—in this case, altering your sense of smell:

“Two brain circuits that don’t typically “talk” to each other—one linked to our sense of smell and another linked to emotional processing—can become cross-wired when we experience stress-induced anxiety. The result is that stressful experiences transform normally neutral odors into bad ones...

‘After anxiety induction, neutral smells become clearly negative,’ explains Wen Li, a professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Waisman Center, who led the study. ‘People experiencing an increase in anxiety show a decrease in the perceived pleasantness of odors. It becomes more negative as anxiety increases.’”

How Stress Causes Disease

When you're experiencing acute stress, your body releases stress hormones like cortisol, which prepare your body to fight or flee the stressful event. Your heart rate increases, your lungs take in more oxygen, your blood flow increases and parts of your immune system become temporarily suppressed, which reduces your inflammatory response to pathogens and other foreign invaders.

When stress becomes chronic, however, your immune system becomes less sensitive to cortisol, and since inflammation is partly regulated by this hormone, this decreased sensitivity heightens the inflammatory response and allows inflammation to get out of control.

This is in large part how stress “predisposes” you to getting sick in the first place. And, in the event you do get sick, emotional stressors can make your symptoms worse, especially if the stress is severe or longstanding.

For example, research presented at this year’s annual meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society in Miami, Florida, found that ruminating on a stressful incident can increase your levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation in your body.8 It was the first study to directly measure this effect. Inflammation, in turn, is a hallmark of most diseases, from diabetes to heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s.

Tips for Reducing Work Stress

Polls have shown that work is the number one source of stress in people’s lives. In a recent survey9 of more than 2,000 people, 34 percent of respondents reported that their work life was either “very” or “quite” stressful. One in five people also reported developing anxiety due to work-related stresses. In a related article,Forbes magazine10 lists nine tips to reduce work-related stress, such as:

• Adding personal touches to your work space, such as photographs or art work, and live plants
• Keeping your work space clean and organized
• Learning to handle or ignore interruptions
• Incorporating relaxation exercises into your work day
• Improving your communication skills

Conquer Your Stress and Anxiety with Energy Psychology

While it’s not possible or even recommended to eliminate all stress from your life, you can provide your body with tools to compensate for the bioelectrical short-circuiting that takes place when you’re stressed. Using energy psychology techniques such as the Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) can help reprogram your body’s reactions to the unavoidable stressors of everyday life, thereby reducing your chances of experiencing adverse health effects. Exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and meditation are also important “release valves” that can help you manage your stress.

EFT was developed in the 1990s by Gary Craig, a Stanford engineering graduate specializing in healing and self-improvement. It’s akin to acupuncture, which is based on the concept that a vital energy flows through your body along invisible pathways known as meridians. EFT stimulates different energy meridian points in your body by tapping them with your fingertips, while simultaneously using custom-made verbal affirmations. This can be done alone or under the supervision of a qualified therapist.11

By doing so, you help your body eliminate emotional “scarring” and reprogram the way your body responds to emotional stressors. Since these stressors are usually connected to physical problems, many people’s diseases and other symptoms can improve or disappear as well. For a demonstration, please see the following video featuring EFT practitioner Julie Schiffman, in which she discusses EFT for stress relief. However, for serious problems it is far preferable to see an experienced EFT therapist as there is a significant art to the process that requires a high level of sophistication if serious problems are to be successfully treated.

Tips for Maintaining Healthy Brain Function and Avoiding Alzheimer's Disease

The beauty of following my optimized nutrition plan is that it helps prevent and treat virtually ALL chronic degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Remember, while memory loss is indeed common among Westerners, it is NOT a "normal" part of aging, and cognitive changes are by no means inevitable.

As explained by neurologist Dr. David Perlmutter in a recent interview, Alzheimer’s is a disease predicated primarily on lifestyle choices; the two main culprits being excessive sugar and gluten consumption. Another major factor is the development and increased consumption of genetically engineered (GE) grains, which are now pervasive in most processed foods sold in the US. His book, Grain Brain, provides a powerful argument for eliminating grains from your diet.

Knowing that it is a preventable disease puts the power into your hands. People who experience very little decline in their cognitive function up until their deaths have been found (post-mortem) to be free of brain lesions, showing that it's entirely possible to prevent the damage from occurring in the first place… and one of the best ways to do this is by leading a healthy lifestyle.

• Avoid Sugar and fructose. Ideally, you’ll want to keep your sugar levels to a minimum and your total fructose below 25 grams per day, or as low as 15 grams per day if you have insulin resistance or any related disorders.
• Avoid gluten and casein (primarily wheat and pasteurized dairy, but not dairy fat, such as butter). Research shows that your blood-brain barrier, the barrier that keeps things out of your brain where they don’t belong, is negatively affected by gluten. Gluten also makes your gut more permeable, which allows proteins to get into your bloodstream, where they don’t belong. That then sensitizes your immune system and promotes inflammation and autoimmunity, both of which play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s.
• Optimize your gut flora by regularly eating fermented foods or taking a high quality probiotic supplement.
• Increase consumption of healthful fats, including animal-based omega-3. Beneficial health-promoting fats that yourbrain needs for optimal function include organic butter from raw milk, clarified butter called organic grass fed raw butter, olives, organic virgin olive oil and coconut oil, nuts like pecans and macadamia, free-range eggs, wild Alaskan salmon, and avocado.
Also make sure you’re getting enough animal-based omega-3 fats, such as krill oil. (I recommend avoiding most fish because, although fish is naturally high in omega-3, most fish are now severely contaminated with mercury.) High intake of the omega-3 fats EPA and DHA help by preventing cell damage caused by Alzheimer's disease, thereby slowing down its progression, and lowering your risk of developing the disorder.
• Reduce your overall calorie consumption, and/or intermittently fast. Contrary to popular belief, the ideal fuel for your brain is not glucose but ketones, which is the fat that your body mobilizes when you stop feeding it carbs and introduce coconut oil and other sources of healthy fats into your diet. A one-day fast can help your body to “reset” itself, and start to burn fat instead of sugar.
As part of a healthy lifestyle, I prefer an intermittent fasting schedule that simply calls for limiting your eating to a narrower window of time each day. By restricting your eating to a 6-8 hour window, you effectively fast 16-18 hours each day. To learn more, please see this previous article.
• Improve your magnesium levels. There is some exciting preliminary research strongly suggesting a decrease in Alzheimer symptoms with increased levels of magnesium in the brain. Unfortunately, most magnesium supplements do not pass the blood brain levels, but a new one, magnesium threonate, appears to and holds some promise for the future for treating this condition and may be superior to other forms.
• Optimize your vitamin D levels with safe sun exposure. Strong links between low levels of vitamin D in Alzheimer's patients and poor outcomes on cognitive tests have been revealed. Researchers believe that optimal vitamin D levels may enhance the amount of important chemicals in your brain and protect brain cells by increasing the effectiveness of the glial cells in nursing damaged neurons back to health.
Vitamin D may also exert some of its beneficial effects on Alzheimer's through its anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties. Sufficient vitamin D is imperative for proper functioning of your immune system to combat inflammation that is also associated with Alzheimer's.
• Keep your fasting insulin levels below 3. This is indirectly related to fructose, as it will clearly lead to insulin resistance. However other sugars (sucrose is 50 percent fructose by weight), grains and lack of exercise are also important factors. Lowering insulin will also help lower leptin levels which is another factor for Alzheimer’s.
• Vitamin B12: In addition to the research presented above, a small Finnish study published in the journal Neurology12 also found that people who consume foods rich in B12 may reduce their risk of Alzheimer's in their later years. For each unit increase in the marker of vitamin B12, the risk of developing Alzheimer's was reduced by two percent. Remember, sublingual methylcobalamin may be your best bet here.
• Eat a nutritious diet, rich in folate, such as the one described in my nutrition plan. Vegetables, without question, are your best form of folate, and we should all eat plenty of fresh raw veggies every day. Avoid supplements with folic acid, which is the inferior synthetic version of folate.
• Avoid and eliminate mercury from your body. Dental amalgam fillings, which are 50 percent mercury by weight, are one of the major sources of heavy metal toxicity. However, you should be healthy prior to having them removed. Once you have adjusted to following the diet described in my optimized nutrition plan, you can follow the mercury detox protocol and then find a biological dentist to have your amalgams removed.
• Avoid aluminum, such as antiperspirants, non-stick cookware, vaccine adjuvants, etc.
• Exercise regularly. It's been suggested that exercise can trigger a change in the way the amyloid precursor protein is metabolized,13 thus, slowing down the onset and progression of Alzheimer's. Exercise also increases levels of the protein PGC-1alpha. Research has also shown that people with Alzheimer's have less PGC-1alpha in their brains and cells that contain more of the protein produce less of the toxic amyloid protein associated with Alzheimer's. I would strongly recommend reviewing the Peak Fitness Technique for my specific recommendations.
• Avoid flu vaccinations as most contain both mercury and aluminum, well-known neurotoxic and immunotoxic agents.
• Eat blueberries. Wild blueberries, which have high anthocyanin and antioxidant content, are known to guard against Alzheimer's and other neurological diseases. Like any fruit though, avoid excesses here.
• Challenge your mind daily. Mental stimulation, especially learning something new, such as learning to play an instrument or a new language, is associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's. Researchers suspect that mental challenge helps to build up your brain, making it less susceptible to the lesions associated with Alzheimer's disease.
• Avoid anticholinergic and statin drugs. Drugs that block acetylcholine, a nervous system neurotransmitter, have been shown to increase your risk of dementia. These drugs include certain nighttime pain relievers, antihistamines, sleep aids, certain antidepressants, medications to control incontinence, and certain narcotic pain relievers.
Statin drugs are particularly problematic because they suppress the synthesis of cholesterol, deplete your brain of coenzyme Q10 and neurotransmitter precursors, and prevent adequate delivery of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants to your brain by inhibiting the production of the indispensable carrier biomolecule known as low-density lipoprotein.

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Governor Bob McDonnell Announces 95 Express Lanes Construction Reaches Mid-Point

 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 On-Track for Completion in Late 2014; Will Open to Traffic in Early 2015

Large Steel Operations Scheduled to be Complete by End of Year

RICHMOND – Governor Bob McDonnell today announced that construction of the I-95 Express Lanes project is halfway complete and on-schedule to be completed by late 2014. The 95 Express Lanes will open to traffic in early 2015.  Since breaking ground in August 2012, significant progress has been made on building new bridges, ramps, and lanes throughout the entire 29-mile Express Lanes corridor, which spans from I-395 near Edsall Road in Fairfax County to I-95 near Route 610/Garrisonville Road in Stafford County, Va.

In the coming weeks, crews will complete the last major steel lifts within the project corridor, including beams for the future flyover ramp across I-95 near Garrisonville Road in mid-October and the future flyover ramp across I-395 near Edsall Road in early November.  Since starting construction of nine new bridges for the Express Lanes this past March, crews have placed more than 100 steel beams.  A local disadvantaged business enterprise, Interlock Steelworkers, Inc., is performing the steel operations for the project, exemplifying VDOT’s and its partners’ commitment to providing opportunities to small and disadvantaged businesses in the local area.  As crews complete these steel operations, drivers can expect fewer full closures and detours of I-95 during the Express Lanes’ final year of construction.

                Speaking about this progress, Governor McDonnell remarked, “The I-95 Express Lanes are another example of how we’re using smart public-private partnerships to build critically needed transportation infrastructure in Virginia. Our administration has been committed to utilizing every means available to get new roads and rail built all across the state, because a modern transportation system is crucial to economic growth and job creation. I look forward to the completion of this project, and the shorter commutes Virginians will enjoy as a result.”

“We appreciate the patience the traveling public has shown during the last year of heavy construction on I-395/I-95 in Northern Virginia,” commented Virginia Secretary of Transportation Sean T. Connaughton.  “As shown by the progress achieved in just one year, VDOT and its 95 Express Lanes partners are committed to delivering faster and more predictable travel on the I-95 corridor in record time.” 

Crews also are scheduled to complete the majority of new paving that must occur throughout the future Express Lanes alignment by late 2013 – placing nearly half a million tons of asphalt along I-95.  The completion of paving will provide drivers with smoother and safer travel lanes, more than a year before the Express Lanes are slated to open.  The paving also allows workers to shift traffic within the HOV lanes, which is necessary to complete the new Express Lanes.

The Express Lanes construction remains in full swing throughout 2014, and drivers should expect continued traffic impacts including day and nighttime lane closures on I-95, weekend closures of the HOV lanes, limited shoulder access, and continued truck traffic entering and exiting the work zones.  Motorists are urged to visit Vamegaprojects.com for the latest construction updates and traffic information.

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